ETL 1110-1-175
30 Jun 97
through discussion of the assumptions behind and
kriging theory than material included in Chapter 2.
the mechanics of several types of kriging, including
Chapter 3 also provides a brief generic discussion
ordinary kriging, which is applicable when the
of kriging software.
mean for the variable of interest is constant over
c. Chapter 4 provides a detailed step-by-step
the region of interest, and universal kriging, which
is applicable when the mean for the variable of
discussion of variogram construction and demon-
interest changes gradually over the region. The
strates some pitfalls and solutions to this crucial
discussion also will address a specialized form of
process. Chapter 4 also discusses methodologies
kriging known as indicator kriging and the use of
which investigators may use to evaluate their
information concerning uncertainty associated with
variograms.
kriging estimates. The fundamental concepts of
d. Chapter 5 provides a discussion of prac-
geostatistical kriging theory will be provided in this
ETL; however, references will be provided for
tical aspects of geostatistics in a presentation of
additional and more detailed information.
several example kriging applications with data
from the HTRW field. The examples are intended
b. The practical aspects of kriging will be dis-
to illustrate a few of the many different ways
cussed through categorical examples of HTRW
kriging can be used in HTRW site investigations
site investigations. The phrase "HTRW site
and are not presented with the same level of detail
investigations," will refer to planning, analysis,
used in Chapter 4.
and remediation implementation phases of HTRW
e. Chapter 6 provides additional detail on
projects.
some crucial aspects of kriging applications and
c. Additional topics included in this ETL such
includes considerations investigators may use to
as review of applications and of some of the newer
help determine if kriging is feasible for the appli-
geostatistical techniques will be limited. The intent
cation they have in mind, or reviewers can deter-
will be to familiarize the reader with these topics
mine if the application of geostatistics was
and not to provide how-to knowledge.
appropriate.
f. Chapter 7 provides an introduction to other
1-3. Organization
methods for spatial modeling. This section also
includes discussion of advanced stochastic methods
a. This ETL is organized into seven chapters.
such as simulation.
Chapter 1 is introductory and includes an overview
of the technical aspects of spatial prediction in
1-4. An Overview of the Use of
general and certain geostatistical concepts. Chap-
Geostatistics in Hazardous, Toxic, and
ter 2 provides a detailed discussion of assumptions
Radioactive Waste Site Investigations
and theory behind kriging, including equations and
concepts that will be useful to investigators who
a. General.
wish to gain a better understanding of the technical
aspects, or mathematics, of kriging interpolation.
As indicated, many of the concepts developed in
(1) HTRW site investigations involve complex
Chapter 2 are discussed in very general terms in
administrative, scientific, and engineering func-
Chapter 1, so those readers desiring only an over-
tions and are truly interdisciplinary. Scientists and
view of kriging concepts may wish to read only
engineers, for instance, may be confronted with
Chapter 1 and bypass Chapter 2 altogether.
administrative findings or directives, associated
with fiscal, managerial, or regulatory input, that
b. Chapter 3 provides a review of texts that
may either guide or constrain their work. In a
contain much more detailed information regarding
1-2
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