SELECTING REACTION-TYPE HYDRAULIC TURBINES AND PUMP TURBINES AND HYDROELECTRIC GENERATORS AND GENERATOR-MOTORS
Chapter 1. Introduction - ETL-1110-2-3170008
Project Planning and Field Survey Studies
Size and Number of Units
Types of Turbines
Types of Pump-Turbines
Evaluation of Efficiency
Data on Units Installed in Corps of Engineers Plants
Chapter 2. Turbine and Pump-Turbine Characteristics
Peripheral Coefficients
Peripheral Coefficients (cont)
Setting of Turbine and Pump-Turbine
Critical Sigma
Performance Curves
Performance Curves (cont)
Model-Prototype Relationships
Chapter 3. Francis Turbines
Development of Protitype Performance Curves from Model Tests
Development of Protitype Performance Curves from Model Tests (cont)
Setting of Runner
Spiral Case and Draft Tube
Runaway Speed
Air Admission
Chapter 4. Propeller Turbines
Model Test Curves
Preliminary Data for Fixed Blade Type
Preliminary Data for Fixed Blade Type (cont)
Preliminary Data for Adjustable Blade Type
Setting of Runner Blades
Semi-Spiral and Spiral Casing, and Draft Tubes
Draft Tube Liners
Slant Axis Adjustable-Blade Turbines
Chapter 5. Pump Turbines
Radial Flow - Francis Type
Four Quadrant Synoptic Curves
Mixed Flow or Diagonal Flow (DERIAZ)
Preliminary Data for Francis Pump-Turbines
Preliminary Data for Francis Pump-Turbines (cont)
Preliminary Data for Francis Pump-Turbines (cont) - ETL-1110-2-3170045
Preliminary Data for Francis Pump-Turbines (cont) - ETL-1110-2-3170046
Setting of Pump-Turbine Runner - Francis Type
Spiral Casing and Draft Tube - Francis Type
Runaway Speeds
Chapter 6. Generators and Generator - Motors
Generator Rating
Generator - Motor Rating
Excitation Systems
Thrust Bearing Below the Rotor
Thuster bearing above the Rotor
Electrical Characteristics
Electrical Characteristics - continued
Amortiseur Windings
Methods Available for Starting Pump-Turbines in the Pumping Mode of Operation
Methods Available for Starting Pump-Turbines in the Pumping Mode of Operation (cont)
Methods Available for Starting Pump-Turbines in the Pumping Mode of Operation (cont)
Appendix A. Affinity Laws, Model Relationship and Generator Speeds Versus Number of Poles
Pump Affinity Laws
Turbine Affinity Laws
Turbine Model Relationships
Generator Speeds vs Number of Poles
Appendix B. Data - Corps of Engineers Plants
Table B-1. Turbine Data
Table B-1. Turbine Data (cont)
Table B-1. Turbine Data (cont) - ETL-1110-2-3170071
Table B-1. Turbine Data (cont) - ETL-1110-2-3170072
Table B-2. Generator Data
Table B-2. Generator Data (cont)
Table B-2. Generator Data (cont)
Table B-3. Pump-Turbine Performance Data
Appendix C. Turbine Selection Charts and Dimensions
Figure 1. Francis Type Turbines Best Efficiency and PHI Specific Speed vs. HEAD
Figure 2. Francis Type Turbines Rated Pumping Conditions Pumping Head vs. Specific Speed
Figure 3. Propeller Type Turbines Rated Conditions Specific Speed vs. Head
Figure 4. Francis Type Turbines - Dimensions and Proportions
Figure 5. Propeller Type Turbine - Dimensions
Figure 6(a). Water Vapor Pressure vs. Water Temperature
Table 1. Francis Type Turbines Data and Dimensional Ratios
Table 2. Francis and Propeller Type Turbines Data and Dimensional Ratios
Table 3. Francis Type Pump Turbines Data and Dimensional Ratios
Table 4. Propeller Type Turbines Data and Dimensional Ratios
Table 5. Propeller Type Turbines Data and Dimensional Ratios
Appendix D. Model Test Curves for DTH=12 Inches and H = 1 Foot and Critical Runner Sigmas
Figure F1. Model Test Data - Francis Turbine DTH=12" One Foot Head NS=27.2
Figure F2. Model Test Data - Francis Turbine DTH=12" One Foot Head NS=34.3
Figure F3. Model Test Data - Francis Turbine DTH=12" One Foot Head NS=37.2
Figure F4. Model Test Data - Francis Turbine DTH=12" One Foot Head NS=44.7
Figure F5. Model Test Data - Francis Turbine DTH=12" One Foot Head NS=50.6
Figure F6. Model Test Data - Francis Turbine DTH=12" One Foot Head NS=63.1
Figure F7. Model Test Data - Francis Turbine DTH=12" One Foot Head NS=65
Figure F8. Model Test Data - Francis Turbine DTH=12" One Foot Head NS=80
Figure F9. Francis Turbines; Performance Hill Data - Best PHI Conditions.
Section II. Francis Pump-Turbine Model Test Curves for DTH=12 Inches and H=1 Foor
Figure PT1. Model Test Data - Francis Pump-Turbine DTH=12" One Foot Head NS=2,170
Figure PT2. Model Test Data - Francis Pump-Turbine DTH=12" One Foot Head NS=3,160
Figure PT3. Model Test Data - Francis Pump-Turbine DTH=12" One Foot Head NS=4,670
Section III. Propeller Turbine Model Test Curves for DTH=12 Inches and H = 1 Foot
Figure FB1. Model Test Data - Fixed Blade Propeller Turbine Four Blades 24 - Blade Angle DTH = 12" One Foot Head
Figure FB2. Model Test Data - Fixed Blade Propeller Turbine Five Blades 31 - Blade Angle DTH = 12" One Foot Head
Figure FB3. Model Test Data - Fixed Blade Propeller Turbine Six Blades 27 - Blade Angle DTH = 12" One Foot Head
Figure K1. Model Test Data - Four Blade Kaplan Turbine DTH = 12" One Foot Head
Figure K2. Model Test Data - Five Blade Kaplan Turbine DTH = 12" One Foot Head
Figure K3. Model Test Data - Six Blade Kaplan Turbine DTH = 12" One Foot Head
Section IV. Critical Runner Sigmas
Francis Turbines Critical Runner Sigmas
Figure S4
Figure S5
Fixed Blade Propeller Turbines Critical Runner Sigmas
Figure S8. Kaplan Turbine Critical Runner Sigmas
Figure S9
Appendix E. Sample Calculations
Design Requirements - ETL-1110-2-3170126
Selection of Pump-Turbines
Calculate efficiency step-up
Selection of Pump-Turbines (cont)
Generating Cycle
Generating Cycle (cont)
Conventional Francis Turbine
Conventional Francis Turbine (cont)
Conventional Francis Turbine (cont) - ETL-1110-2-3170134
Conventional Francis Turbine (cont) - ETL-1110-2-3170135
Prototype Dimensions
Section II. Fixed Blade Propeller Turbine
Turbine Selection - ETL-1110-2-3170140
Turbine Selection (cont) - ETL-1110-2-3170141
Turbine Selection (cont) - ETL-1110-2-3170142
Turbine Selection (cont) - ETL-1110-2-3170143
Turbine Selection (cont) - ETL-1110-2-3170144
Turbine Selection (cont) - ETL-1110-2-3170145
Turbine Selection (cont) - ETL-1110-2-3170146
Turbine Selection (cont) - ETL-1110-2-3170147
Turbine Selection (cont) - ETL-1110-2-3170148
Section III. Adjustable Blade Propeller Turbine
Design Requirements - ETL-1110-2-3170152
Turbine Selection - ETL-1110-2-3170153
Turbine Selection (cont) - ETL-1110-2-3170154
Turbine Selection (cont) - ETL-1110-2-3170155
Turbine Selection (cont) - ETL-1110-2-3170156
Turbine Selection (cont) - ETL-1110-2-3170157
Turbine Selection (cont) - ETL-1110-2-3170158
Turbine Selection (cont) - ETL-1110-2-3170159
Turbine Selection (cont) - ETL-1110-2-3170160
ETL 1110-2-317
Chapter 1. Introduction - ETL-1110-2-3170008
Project Planning and Field Survey Studies
Size and Number of Units
Types of Turbines
Types of Pump-Turbines
Evaluation of Efficiency
Data on Units Installed in Corps of Engineers Plants
Chapter 2. Turbine and Pump-Turbine Characteristics
Peripheral Coefficients
Peripheral Coefficients (cont)
Setting of Turbine and Pump-Turbine
Critical Sigma
Performance Curves
Performance Curves (cont)
Model-Prototype Relationships
Chapter 3. Francis Turbines
Development of Protitype Performance Curves from Model Tests
Development of Protitype Performance Curves from Model Tests (cont)
Setting of Runner
Spiral Case and Draft Tube
Runaway Speed
Air Admission
Chapter 4. Propeller Turbines
Model Test Curves
Preliminary Data for Fixed Blade Type
Preliminary Data for Fixed Blade Type (cont)
Preliminary Data for Adjustable Blade Type
Setting of Runner Blades
Semi-Spiral and Spiral Casing, and Draft Tubes
Draft Tube Liners
Slant Axis Adjustable-Blade Turbines
Chapter 5. Pump Turbines
Radial Flow - Francis Type
Four Quadrant Synoptic Curves
Mixed Flow or Diagonal Flow (DERIAZ)
Preliminary Data for Francis Pump-Turbines
Preliminary Data for Francis Pump-Turbines (cont)
Preliminary Data for Francis Pump-Turbines (cont) - ETL-1110-2-3170045
Preliminary Data for Francis Pump-Turbines (cont) - ETL-1110-2-3170046
Setting of Pump-Turbine Runner - Francis Type
Spiral Casing and Draft Tube - Francis Type
Runaway Speeds
Chapter 6. Generators and Generator - Motors
Generator Rating
Generator - Motor Rating
Excitation Systems
Thrust Bearing Below the Rotor
Thuster bearing above the Rotor
Electrical Characteristics
Electrical Characteristics - continued
Amortiseur Windings
Methods Available for Starting Pump-Turbines in the Pumping Mode of Operation
Methods Available for Starting Pump-Turbines in the Pumping Mode of Operation (cont)
Methods Available for Starting Pump-Turbines in the Pumping Mode of Operation (cont)
Appendix A. Affinity Laws, Model Relationship and Generator Speeds Versus Number of Poles
Pump Affinity Laws
Turbine Affinity Laws
Turbine Model Relationships
Generator Speeds vs Number of Poles
Appendix B. Data - Corps of Engineers Plants
Table B-1. Turbine Data
Table B-1. Turbine Data (cont)
Table B-1. Turbine Data (cont) - ETL-1110-2-3170071
Table B-1. Turbine Data (cont) - ETL-1110-2-3170072
Table B-2. Generator Data
Table B-2. Generator Data (cont)
Table B-2. Generator Data (cont)
Table B-3. Pump-Turbine Performance Data
Appendix C. Turbine Selection Charts and Dimensions
Figure 1. Francis Type Turbines Best Efficiency and PHI Specific Speed vs. HEAD
Figure 2. Francis Type Turbines Rated Pumping Conditions Pumping Head vs. Specific Speed
Figure 3. Propeller Type Turbines Rated Conditions Specific Speed vs. Head
Figure 4. Francis Type Turbines - Dimensions and Proportions
Figure 5. Propeller Type Turbine - Dimensions
Figure 6(a). Water Vapor Pressure vs. Water Temperature
Table 1. Francis Type Turbines Data and Dimensional Ratios
Table 2. Francis and Propeller Type Turbines Data and Dimensional Ratios
Table 3. Francis Type Pump Turbines Data and Dimensional Ratios
Table 4. Propeller Type Turbines Data and Dimensional Ratios
Table 5. Propeller Type Turbines Data and Dimensional Ratios
Appendix D. Model Test Curves for DTH=12 Inches and H = 1 Foot and Critical Runner Sigmas
Figure F1. Model Test Data - Francis Turbine DTH=12" One Foot Head NS=27.2
Figure F2. Model Test Data - Francis Turbine DTH=12" One Foot Head NS=34.3
Figure F3. Model Test Data - Francis Turbine DTH=12" One Foot Head NS=37.2
Figure F4. Model Test Data - Francis Turbine DTH=12" One Foot Head NS=44.7
Figure F5. Model Test Data - Francis Turbine DTH=12" One Foot Head NS=50.6
Figure F6. Model Test Data - Francis Turbine DTH=12" One Foot Head NS=63.1
Figure F7. Model Test Data - Francis Turbine DTH=12" One Foot Head NS=65
Figure F8. Model Test Data - Francis Turbine DTH=12" One Foot Head NS=80
Figure F9. Francis Turbines; Performance Hill Data - Best PHI Conditions.
Section II. Francis Pump-Turbine Model Test Curves for DTH=12 Inches and H=1 Foor
Figure PT1. Model Test Data - Francis Pump-Turbine DTH=12" One Foot Head NS=2,170
Figure PT2. Model Test Data - Francis Pump-Turbine DTH=12" One Foot Head NS=3,160
Figure PT3. Model Test Data - Francis Pump-Turbine DTH=12" One Foot Head NS=4,670
Section III. Propeller Turbine Model Test Curves for DTH=12 Inches and H = 1 Foot
Figure FB1. Model Test Data - Fixed Blade Propeller Turbine Four Blades 24 - Blade Angle DTH = 12" One Foot Head
Figure FB2. Model Test Data - Fixed Blade Propeller Turbine Five Blades 31 - Blade Angle DTH = 12" One Foot Head
Figure FB3. Model Test Data - Fixed Blade Propeller Turbine Six Blades 27 - Blade Angle DTH = 12" One Foot Head
Figure K1. Model Test Data - Four Blade Kaplan Turbine DTH = 12" One Foot Head
Figure K2. Model Test Data - Five Blade Kaplan Turbine DTH = 12" One Foot Head
Figure K3. Model Test Data - Six Blade Kaplan Turbine DTH = 12" One Foot Head
Section IV. Critical Runner Sigmas
Francis Turbines Critical Runner Sigmas
Figure S4
Figure S5
Fixed Blade Propeller Turbines Critical Runner Sigmas
Figure S8. Kaplan Turbine Critical Runner Sigmas
Figure S9
Appendix E. Sample Calculations
Design Requirements - ETL-1110-2-3170126
Selection of Pump-Turbines
Calculate efficiency step-up
Selection of Pump-Turbines (cont)
Generating Cycle
Generating Cycle (cont)
Conventional Francis Turbine
Conventional Francis Turbine (cont)
Conventional Francis Turbine (cont) - ETL-1110-2-3170134
Conventional Francis Turbine (cont) - ETL-1110-2-3170135
Prototype Dimensions
Section II. Fixed Blade Propeller Turbine
Turbine Selection - ETL-1110-2-3170140
Turbine Selection (cont) - ETL-1110-2-3170141
Turbine Selection (cont) - ETL-1110-2-3170142
Turbine Selection (cont) - ETL-1110-2-3170143
Turbine Selection (cont) - ETL-1110-2-3170144
Turbine Selection (cont) - ETL-1110-2-3170145
Turbine Selection (cont) - ETL-1110-2-3170146
Turbine Selection (cont) - ETL-1110-2-3170147
Turbine Selection (cont) - ETL-1110-2-3170148
Section III. Adjustable Blade Propeller Turbine
Design Requirements - ETL-1110-2-3170152
Turbine Selection - ETL-1110-2-3170153
Turbine Selection (cont) - ETL-1110-2-3170154
Turbine Selection (cont) - ETL-1110-2-3170155
Turbine Selection (cont) - ETL-1110-2-3170156
Turbine Selection (cont) - ETL-1110-2-3170157
Turbine Selection (cont) - ETL-1110-2-3170158
Turbine Selection (cont) - ETL-1110-2-3170159
Turbine Selection (cont) - ETL-1110-2-3170160
ETL 1110-2-317
