ETL 1110-2-344
31 Dec 93
Figure A-4. Finite element discretization
even though it might be more appropriate to assume
nodes are pairs of nodes which occupy the same
a frictional interface. This assumption was made in
point in space and are constrained to have identical
an effort to simplify the analyses by eliminating all
displacements, but are attached to different ele-
nonlinear behavior not related to cracking on the
ments. Therefore, on bi-material interfaces, dis-
placements of the master and slave nodes are
interface between the monolith and the foundation.
identical; however, unique strain and stress values
The connection between the backfill and the
can be determined.
monolith is enforced through master and slave
nodes located on the interface boundary.
In the uncracked zone at the base of the monolith, a
(b) Applied forces. The vertical force of the
perfect bond between the rock foundation and the
backfill located above the stair-step pattern on the
concrete monolith is assumed. The connection
back side of the monolith is applied to the mesh as
between the foundation and the monolith is
a body force due to gravity. The vertical force for
enforced by defining master and slave nodes along
the backfill above the foundation behind the mono-
the interface boundary. Cracking on this interface
is simulated by eliminating master and slave node
pv is
constraints, allowing the node pairs to displace
pv Hγ Hsγs
(1)
independently. On the interface between the back-
fill and the monolith, a perfect bond is assumed,
A-5
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