ETL 1110-3-488
1 Mar 98
(3) Aggregate sources. All potential sources of aggregate for concrete are described in this
section, including possible Government-owned sources, commercial sources, and undeveloped
sources. Aggregate sources typically may include alluvial deposits, wash deposits, glacial
deposits, and rock quarries. Aggregate source names generally refer to a particular reach of
alluvial deposit, wash or glacial deposit, or to a particular quarry. There may be several aggregate
producers in a particular aggregate source. Aggregate information can be obtained from a variety
of sources, including Technical Memorandum 6-370, "Test Data - Concrete Aggregates and
Stone Riprap in Continental United States and Alaska," state transportation department resources,
USGS reports or maps, state geologist reports or maps, county or state planning agencies, local
test laboratories, and individual aggregate producers. Information provided concerning each
source might include estimated volume of aggregate available, maximum aggregate size,
percentage of sand in the source, general mineralogy of the source, production capacities,
percentage crushed particles, sizes of aggregate produced, and costs for various aggregate sizes.
Field inspections of the source by a materials engineer or geologist provides valuable preliminary
information on the probable suitability of the aggregate. In particular, early identification of
deleterious materials in the aggregate can be made during a field inspection. EM 1110-2-2000,
"Standard Practice for Concrete," provides useful information and guidance on general aggregate
quality and durability, including discussion on the forms of alkali-aggregate reactivity, and similar
aggregate problems. Deleterious materials in aggregates used for airfield pavements can create
significant Foreign Object Damage (FOD) to aircraft. Detailed knowledge of the potential for
FOD from all aggregates considered for use is an essential feature of materials studies for airfield
pavements. TM 5-822-7, "Standard Practice for Concrete Pavements," provides information on
materials, and specifically on deleterious materials in aggregates. CEGS 02753, "Concrete
Pavements for Airfields and Other Heavy-Duty Pavements," provides additional information on
deleterious materials.
(4) Cementitious material sources. Likely sources of cement and pozzolan are described in
this portion of the materials report. Information provided on available cement sources includes
types of cement available at the plants, availability of low alkali cement, haul distance, and
delivered cost. Information on available pozzolans includes types available, which generally will
be a type F or C flyash, production capacity, typical loss on ignition (LOI, a measure of carbon
content), haul distance, and delivered cost.
(5) Water, admixtures and other materials. Available sources of on-site water for
construction are described here, including approximate quantity, reliability, and suitability for use
in concrete. Use of commercial admixtures is discussed, particularly air entraining and water
reducing admixtures. Unusual admixtures or other materials may be considered or required for
some projects, such as fast track airfield pavements where existing airfields may be shut down
only for very short time periods.
B-4
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